Real-time monitoring of calcium sulfate scale removal from RO desalination membranes using Raman spectroscopy
نویسندگان
چکیده
Chemical characterization of scaling and removal processes was performed in real time via Raman spectroscopy a bench-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system. A custom RO cross-flow cell integrated with microscope objective, allowing for analysis localized membrane scale removal. Permeate flux also measured to provide real-time metric comparison. commercial flat sheet, thin-film composite (TFC RO) scaled using calcium sulfate (CaSO4·H2O) feed solution. Upon CaSO4 detection, the switched DI water, which served as cleaning agent remove from membrane. In addition local (Raman) global (permeate flux) measurements, samples were characterized post-mortem spectroscopy, gravimetric scanning electron microscopy important metrics. Results measurements indicated that changes intensity more sensitive indicator than permeate flux, standard performance metric; these findings corroborated by analyses. Overall, experiments showed provided crucial chemical composition spatial distribution information, can inform effective antiscaling strategies.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Desalination
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1873-4464', '0011-9164']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114736